Environment on Darfur After the Conflict Essay

The world has experienced a lot of conflicts for quite a long time throughout history. All the time there is a conflict, the damages caused is mostly documented in terms of how many casualties have been reported, and the impact it has caused on the economy. It is however rare to hear people talking on the effects these conflicts can have on the natural environment or which steps have been taken to protect the natural environment from such conflicts. The natural environment for a long time has been a silent victim of the conflicts that occurs either locally or internationally leaving the repercussions to be felt for quite some time. In many cases, the impact the war and other conflicts have been having on the environment has been generally very devastating. There are many pollutants that are released in the environment during the war which can end up affecting the natural resources. On the other hand, there are other natural resources that are depleted during the conflict leaving the environment at a worse position. A major problem is that most of the current conflicts are witnessed in the developing countries which do not have the economic capacity to deal with the environmental problems hence causing a major setback. Africa has had quite long cases of civil wars some which started during the colonial period and still taking place to now. These countries have been mostly been fighting over the borders which were drawn by the colonial powers for their on interests. Most of the wars taking place in Africa are as a cause of fighting for natural resources such as fertile farming land or water. Due to the long history of these civil wars in Africa, it is difficult to know exactly what these conflicts have caused to the environment. However, looking at the rate of the loss of biodiversity in the affected regions, it can be easy to realize how serious the situation has left the damage to the environment. Darfur Conflict and the Impact It Has Caused on the Environment Southern Sudan has witnessed along civil war that has caused many nations through the United Nations body and the African unity to try and broker peace in the region and bring things to the normal situation. The conflict that is being witnessed in the region right now is considered as a war between the different ethnic and tribal lines (IRIN, para 2). The sides that are mostly conflicting are the government’s military and the Janjaweed group. There are other rebel groups that have also made the situation to be worse. The major cause of the war in Sudan has been attributed to fighting for water between the Baggara nomads who moved to the south, a region mostly occupied by the farming communities to search for water. This conflict has led to many casualties being reported throughout. Despite putting in place a government of national unity, and increasing the presence of the African Union Peace keepers, the situation has not improved in any way (Borger, para 2). There have been many reasons given as a source to the Darfur conflict, though the major reasons have been cited to be the increasing population which the current natural resources can not hold, hence making these people to fight for the scarce resources. On the other hand, there have been claims that the conflict is as a result of the Arab dominants intention to wipe out the black Africans. This has even made the United States to refer to this as a form of genocide in the area. Whichever the cause of the war, it has caused so many untold damages. The focus on this conflict has always been the number of people who have died in the region, or the number of those displaced. It is important that people’s life and welfare is put first. This is what has been the major concern of many bodies, organizations and other nations. However, like many other conflicts, little concern has put on what effect this conflict is causing to the environment (AP, para 6). As earlier argued, the war in Sudan was triggered by the environmental problems which led to the communities to fight over scarce resources. It is however a worrying trend that the continued conflict is further endangering the environment that is supposed to support the whole population. The environment has been made worse by this conflict and made the land to become uninhabitable. This means that the tension between the conflicting communities gets to be more intense when it occurs that the natural resources are not going to support all of them as expected (Beyrer, & Pizer pp 67). Environmental degradation in Darfur has been on the rise due to the continued conflict. It means that the conflict that started as a result of the environmental problems is being escalated by destroying the environment further. The issues in Sudan over the environment indicate how complex the environmental matters can be in the causing breach to peace. This region has witnessed the decreased cases of traditional methods of environmental management systems, and in some places being disregarded completely. The conflict over resources in Darfur was at a local level but expanded to national level where political and economic marginalization was heightened. Ethnic differences have contributed to making the matters worse to the situation. Therefore, despite having the political and economic factors leading to the problems in Darfur, the major issue surrounds natural resources (de Montesquiou, para 8). The Sudanese Arabs moved to the south to look for pasture for their animals due to the prolonged drought that was experienced in their regions. This led to them conflicting with the black farmers whose land the Arabs were grazing on. The grazing of the animals on the farming land worsened the situation as there was increased soil erosion which made land to be poor for farming. When the black farmers realized that the Khartoum government was indifferent in solving the matter, they rebelled against them. By rebelling, the people started to fight destroying many manmade and natural resources that were on the way (Borger, para 7). When the nomads inhabited the farming areas, they started to cut down the trees. To the farmers, the cut trees were very important as they provided shade for their crops and holding together the soil to avoid erosion. Due to the conflict of interest, these important natural resources were destroyed as they were caught in between the fighting. With no trees cover, the problem of lack of rainfall becomes even heightened, which is a big trouble to both the farmers and the nomads since they cannot be able to get rain that is important for the crops and animals respectively. Due to the bare land caused by the cutting of the trees, it has become harder for the farmers at the refugee camps to go back to their homes as they can not carry out any meaningful activities to such bare lands. With this kind of the situation, it becomes difficult to control human suffering without further harm to the environment (HPN, para 3) Many people have been killed in the conflict while millions of others have been living in the camps after being left homeless. At the camps, the refugees need to be given their basic needs. Water is a very important commodity that no human beings can do without. In fact as argued throughout, the conflict has been surrounding fighting for water resources. Therefore, while at the camps, the refugees have to be provided with water. This has led to the humanitarian organizations to dig boreholes to help the refugees get water. Considering that the land in Darfur is largely dominated by hard rocks, it means that the rains that fall in the short season mostly wash away, hence, the boreholes depends on the underground reserves. Considering the rate at which the reserves are being used, it is tough to imagine the consequences that await the Darfur people when the reserves will finally be depleted. The situation might lead to the refugees being moved to another region that can support them. There are already some areas that have reported the drying up of the boreholes. Apart from water, the refugees also need other resources for their daily work. There have been many trees that have been cut by the refugees near the camps to provide them with firewood. The trees are also cut and used to construct and reinforce the makeshift houses of the refugees. This implies that trees are being used at a higher rate than they are being replaced. There are some refugees who are involved in some economic activities. The common economic activity that the refugees are involved with is making mud bricks. The refugees are involved with this activity mostly because it does not need skilled labor, and the materials are readily available. A lot of water is usually used in the making of the bricks. A lot of water is used considering the dryness on most of the camp soils. Furthermore, since the refugees want to make a lot of money, they try to make as many bricks as possible. The more work they do, the many materials are required. The areas that the soil for making the bricks is dug usually leaves many holes indicating the rate at which the soil is being depleted. The formation of a layer of soil takes many years, however, the refugees depletes many layers in a very short time. It is very bad to notice that the fertile soils that can be used for agricultural production is actually used for the making bricks. These soils can not be replenished in the short run as it is being depleted. In the areas that the refugees remove the soils to make the bricks, they leave the tree roots exposed which contributes to the wilting of the trees (Homer-Dixon, pp 19). Therefore, this still adds the woes the refuges already have. Furthermore, since to make the bricks requires a lot of water, it means that the refugees have to compete on how to use the water for the domestic work and the production of the bricks. In the end, the action contributes to the hastened depletion of the water resources. The bricks cannot be complete if they have not been burnt in the kiln. The kiln requires using a lot of firewood. This means several trees have to be felled to be used in the kiln. One kiln can take as many as 35 trees for the bricks to be ready. This shows the impact this single activity can have on the important natural resources. There have been increased sand dunes in the areas that had once been covered by trees just a few years ago. This is all because of the refugees activities in trying to earn a living. Most of the dams in Sudan are drying and having a lot of sedimentation as a result of deforestation. Many dams have lost their holding capacity due to these reasons (HPN, para 8). Once the war comes to an end as is presupposed, the refugees will have to go back to their homes to start a new life. They will first need to rebuild their damaged homes, which will basically require that they cut more trees to build these homes. Considering the already cut trees in their former homes, there are therefore no trees left behind to cater for their needs. This implies the building materials will have to be sourced somewhere else, which automatically will be increasing the base of the damage to other regions. Having realized the impact the conflict is leading to the refugees affecting the environment, especially on trees, several organizations like the US aid have helped the refugees to design the cooking stoves that uses a completely reduced amount of fuel as a way of the saving the environment. This stoves though taken as a move to save the environment, it has a big impact on the social and cultural life (de Montesquiou, para 11). Since the conflict is between two ethnic groups with two distinct lifestyles, each group undertakes an activity that they think will destroy the other. For instance, the nomads usually graze their animals on the farmers’ crops. This leaves the farmers with nothing as their crops are destroyed by the animals. On the other hand, the farmers on their side burn the grazing lands for the nomads. This is even a worse action to take as it does not only affect the nomads in terms of lacking food, but it affects the farmers themselves in that the burning of the ground destroys the important living organisms that are found in the soil which helps in improving the soil fertility. This means that the soil is left unproductive which will affect both the nomads and the farmers in the long run. Furthermore, the nomads are used to grazing their animals and moving from one region to another after the feeds in that area have reduced. However, due to the conflict, the migration routes for the nomads were blocked by the farmers. This made it impossible for the nomads to move from one region to another with their animals, hence meaning overgrazing in one region. The overgrazed areas will generally have very poor production as there will be increased soil erosion (Homer-Dixon, pp 29). In general, humanitarian issues are usually given much priority over the environment as a short term solution to any crisis. Therefore, whatever actions that are taken by the involved bodies do not give much or even any consideration to the environment. For instance, when the refugee camps are set up, it is aimed at providing security and a better life to the refugees. No consideration is put on what activities the refugees are going to carry out that might affect the environment whether in the long or short run. This is being evidenced by the number of boreholes drying up in various refugee camps (HPN, para 16). There are hundreds of thousands of the Darfur refugees who have been granted asylum in Chad. The Chadian locals are thus forced to compete for the natural resources in their territory with the refugees. Putting in mind the activities the refugees are engaged with, and the major aims of the organization that are associated with the taking care of the refugees which are just humanitarian care, the refugees can have a very big impact on the environment of the host country. The refugees in the camps hopes for someday to go back home. This implies they cannot have long term projects that will help in the development and taking care of the region that has granted them asylum. This might make them to be at loggerheads with the host country and thus be denied the asylum (Gouroukoun, para 7). Furthermore, as the refugees enter the Chadian soil, it is not guaranteed that they have their safety. The Janjaweed have been following the refugees in their camps attacking them. This has also posed danger to the Chadian nationals making them to move closer to where there is security in their country. In essence, the Chadian people are not even free in their own land because of hosting the refugees. As the Chadian moves to the place they feel is more secure, they also cause congestion and constraint to the resources that are supposed to host them. There are many other effects that the conflict has caused to the environment. As the conflict rages on, both sides are heavily armed. The weapons used to attack one group leave a lot of damages to the environment. For instance, there have been many crops, homesteads and the grazing grounds for each group that have been burnt by the opposing group. The oils and chemicals used to burn these properties, and the residue of the burnt products find their ways into the water bodies contaminating them. This on the other hand affects the lives in the water bodies. Furthermore, as the crisis continues, weapons used like bombs have continued to pollute the environment and their effect left in the environment for along time affecting the quality of life. It is very difficult to find crops growing in a region that has experienced a battle field. This is because of the effect that the weapons and chemicals used in the process have on the environment. It is common to find that the areas that had been bombed can not sustain any agricultural activity. It thus means that as the communities fight over the scarce natural resources and keep on destroying them during the fight, it only helps in escalating the problem they are already facing (Homer-Dixon, pp 41). The Janjaweed and the other militias in the Darfur conflict are always in the hideout. Most of the hideouts are in the forests. This implies that they have to depend so much on the forests for their own needs. For instance, they have to cut down the trees to use for fuel, hunt wild animals for food, and all these activities upsets the natural environment settings. There are many regions that used to be occupied by trees and wild animals like the elephants and the antelopes but when looked at now are bare because of the activities that have been taking place in the regions. Conclusion The Darfur crisis has actually been said to have started for over three decades ago. However, it only escalated in 2003 when the current crisis became out of control. The major cause of the war has been attributed to lack of enough natural resources. The problem is that because the fights were due to the protection and the need to acquire more natural resources, it is ironical that the same resources are being destroyed. In essence, this seems to increase the problems already faced. This has created the vicious cycle of the war in the Darfur region. Therefore, unless the concerned bodies look for a way of dealing with the problem of these natural resources, it is not possible to stop this war despite the many peace agreements that might be signed by the leaders of the region. Work Cited AP. Darfur conflict worsens environment, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http://platform. blogs. com/passionofthepresent/2007/06/darfur-conflict. html. Beyrer, Chris & Pizer, Hank. Public Health and Human Rights: Evidence-based Approaches; ISBN 0801886465, JHU Press, 2007. Borger, Julian. Darfur conflict heralds era of wars triggered by climate change, UN report warns, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2007/jun/23/sudan. climatechange. de Montesquiou, Alfred. Darfur violence leaves environmental scars, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/19357602/. IRIN. SUDAN: Climate change – only one cause among many for Darfur conflict, 2007. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/library/news/2007/06/mil-070628-irin03. htm. Gouroukoun. Chadians Increasingly Feel Impact of Darfur Conflict, 2006. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http://www. voanews. com/english/archive/2006-04/2006-04-21-voa44. cfm. Homer-Dixon, F. Thomas. Environment, Scarcity, and Violence; ISBN 0691089795, Princeton University Press, 2001. HPN. Environmental degradation and conflict in Darfur: implications for peace and recovery, 2008. Retrieved on October 29, 2008 from http://www. alertnet. org/thenews/newsdesk/HPN/10adb58d76337a4eb2b436c319bf427e. htm.

Pros and Cons of Four Day School Week Essay

* Shortening the school week can address budget deficits and save teachers who would have to be laid off otherwise. In the case of Peach County, Georgia, the district either needed to shorten the school week or cut 39 teachers from the workforce in the 2009 to 2010 school year, according to Fox News. Shaving a day from the school week saves money without sacrificing teaching talent. This approach makes sense if a district faces short-term budgetary difficulties and knows that teachers are needed long-term to support the system. Con: Difficulty Finding Childcare * Cutting the week to four days places additional pressure on working parents, who need to arrange childcare for younger children on their days off. Daycare is expensive, and often focuses more on keeping children safe and entertained rather than teaching them. A few districts try to alleviate these problems by providing support for families who can’t find or afford care. Some district-sponsored programs even offer tutoring services. Pro: Encouraging Responsibility and Independence * Having a day off from classes doesn’t necessarily mean getting a day off from schoolwork. Schools can modify their curricula to assign more individual, take-home projects that students complete on their days off. Giving students more independent work encourages the development of research skills, problem-solving skills and time management abilities. Having the extra day also gives students more time to study on their own, allowing them to learn at their own pace and use a method of their choice to absorb new information. Con: Not Enough Face Time * While some children work well on their own, others suffer from less classroom instruction and teacher assistance. Marlow, Oklahoma’s school district superintendent said that the school would move back to five-day weeks after the school tried a four-day schedule to save on operating costs. Compressing content forces students to work at an accelerated pace that some can’t handle. Many students learn best with guidance and support, and concerned parents sometimes report that reduced classroom time hinders their children’s progress. Read more: The Pro & Cons for a Four-Day School Week | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6733617_pro-cons-four_day-school-week.html#ixzz2J2FqTp00 Cost Savings, Wages Lost * A March 2010 article in â€Å"The Wall Street Journal† reports that budget shortfalls are often the driving force behind a four-day school week. The article cites a school in Peach County, Georgia, that was able to save $200,000 by shortening its school week. Schools save money on items like gas, utilities, food and substitute teachers. However, these cost savings can also result in reduced hours for workers like bus drivers, cooks and janitors. According to â€Å"The Wall Street Journal,† hourly workers can lose as much as 20 percent of their income. Academic Performance * Research is mixed on the impact of a four-day school week on academic performance. A â€Å"Time† article from August 2008 reports that a Kentucky school with a shortened week drastically improved its ranking for standardized tests, moving from 111th in the state to 53rd. The school took the savings it realized and put the money back into educational programs. With one less day of school, student absenteeism has also been found to decline. Opponents of the shortened school week claimed in the â€Å"Time† article that students in the United States already lag behind students in Europe and Asia who attend more school. With a longer weekend, some fear that students are more likely to forget what they have learned. Students with special needs or those who are at-risk may especially find it difficult to retain information. Long Days * To meet the state’s requirement for school hours, districts that move to four-day school weeks will add more hours to the school day and also shorten breaks for recess and lunch. This results in students spending longer days at school and in the classroom. According to the National Conference of State Legislators, this can be exhausting, especially for younger students. Longer days also make it more difficult for students to participate in extracurricular activities. However, the extra day off is often used as time for students to undergo tutoring, see the doctor or dentist, work a part-time job, be with their families or take part in school activities. Childcare and Family Time * Many parents will be at work when their child is off from school on a Monday or Friday. This leaves the parent to find childcare during the week or make arrangements for a kid who is home, possibly resulting in additional costs for the parents. A longer schedule can also mean the student arrives home at the same time as the parent. In this case, parents may actually not have a need to find after-school care or leave their children alone at home until they get off work. Read more: Pros and Cons of a Four-Day School Week | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_7973741_pros-cons-fourday-school-week.html#ixzz2J2FaB2yQ

Political philosophy Essay

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. In more casual speech, by extension, â€Å"philosophy† can refer to â€Å"the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group† The word â€Å"philosophy† comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophia), which literally means â€Å"love of wisdom†. [5][6][7] The introduction of the terms â€Å"philosopher† and â€Å"philosophy† has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras. Philosophy, which literally means â€Å"the love of wisdom,† is one of the oldest disciplines in history. There are many ideas about philosophers and what they do. Some have even considered the field to be a science that deals with logic and reason. Either way, many famous philosophers have made their contributions known to the world through their writings and their students. Below is a list of the greatest thinkers of all time along with their most important theories about  human nature and other ponderings of the world. Philosophy, which literally means â€Å"the love of wisdom,† is one of the oldest disciplines in history. There are many ideas about philosophers and what they do. Some have even considered the field to be a science that deals with logic and reason. Either way, many famous philosophers have made their contributions known to the world through their writings and their students. Below is a list of the greatest thinkers of all time along with their most important theories about human nature and other ponderings of the world. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Famous For: The Communist Manifesto, co-founder  and father of Socialism & Communism Karl Marx is better known as the â€Å"father of socialism and communism,† one follows the other. Marx has been labeled as a â€Å"revolutionary socialist† for his belief in what has been called dictatorship of Voltaire (1694-1778) Famous For: his philosophical wit French philosopher Francois-Marie Arouet was a well known during the 18th century. He is better known under his pseudonym, Voltaire. Voltaire was an advocate of some of the most basic freedoms, he believed in the freedom of expression, religion and voiced this through his witty writing. One of his the proletariat. In addition to espousing his own philosophies , he was also a sociologist, economist, journalist, and historian. favorite targets was the Catholic church. Socrates (c. 469-399 BC) Famous For: the Socratic Method of logic and a founder of Western philosophy His story began in his hometown of Athens, Greece but unfolded through the writings of his students and fellow philosophers. The field of ethics was the specialty of Socrates and introduced a concept that has been dubbed as elenchus, or the Socratic method. He contributed much to the field of logic and epistimology. Plato (c. 428-348 BC). Famous For: Platonic idealism & the theory of forms Athenian native Plato, and his role in western philosophy can be traced back to when he was student of Socrates . He also excelled in mathematics, logic, ethics, rhetoric, and religion. He founded the Academy in Athens . John Locke (1632-1704) Famous For: theory of mind & Father of Classical Liberalism The effect of English philosopher John Locke has on the world reverberates to this day. His part on the idea of the social contract theory was one he shared with Sir Francis Bacon. The likes of Rousseau, Voltaire, even American revolutionaries have been influenced by his writings. He also offered the theory of mind wherein he states that knowledge is something you are not born with, but learn and experience. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) Famous For: existential feminism & ethics of ambiguity Simone de Beauvoir is viewed as a philosopher, but she saw herself more as a political activist, intellectual, and a writer. She authored numerous books which include The Second Sex, The Mandarins, and She Came to Stay. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712- 1778) Adam Smith (1723-1790) Famous For: father of modern economics Famous For: General Will and the moral simplicity  of humanity The political philosophy of Rousseau became the basis of the French Revolution. His ideas not only influenced nations, his work is reflected in the modern thinking in regards to education, political, and sociological matters. Two of his books, Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and On the Social Contract have had its effect on social and political thinking. Best remembered for his writing of An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Scottish philosopher Adam Smith was a pioneer in the field of political economy. His ideas in the areas of moral  philosophy and economics have been studied throughout the years, and still is. Aristotle (384–322 BC) Famous For: Aristotelian logic & theory of soul The third member who has greatly influenced western philosophy, Aristotle provided ideas in the areas of aesthetics, ethics, logic, metaphysics, politics, and science. He was a student of Plato and teacher to Alexander the great. Nicomachean Ethics is one of the treatises that Aristotle wrote. He believed that ethics should be applied practically, not merely theorizing it. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Famous For: the â€Å"Baconian† method of scientific  investigation and creator of empiricism The English Renaissance and Scientific Revolution benefitted from the work and ideas of Sir Francis Bacon. In addition to being a philosopher, Bacon was likewise an author, jurist, statesman, orator, and scientist. He was instrumental in advocating the use of the â€Å"inductive† method when it came to scientific matters, this scientific method was also called â€Å"Baconian method†. Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716) Famous For: Law of Continuity, Monads, and the Transcendental Law of Homogeneity Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz holds a special place in the annals of philosophy and mathematics. As a  mathematician, he refined the use of infinitesimal calculus. As a philosopher, he is best remembered for his â€Å"optimism† and as an advocate of rationalism along with Descartes and Spinoza. He also presented the Law of Continuity. Confucius (551-479 BC) Famous For: The Golden Rule and Confucianism Born during the Spring & Autumn era in Chinese history, Confucius and his ideas on social and personal relationships became a school of thought that many Chinese embraced. He was a voracious writer for which includes the Five Classics in Chinese literature. He believed that proper moral behavior is best practiced, than morality being made  a rule. Rene Descartes (1596-1650). Famous For: being the Father of Modern Philosophy, â€Å"Cartesian† coordinate system & â€Å"I think, therefore I am† Rene’ Descartes influence on the world of philosophy is evident at today’s universities. His book Meditations of First Philosophy is still being used. Perhaps this statement attributed to Descartes will ring a bell, â€Å"I think, therefore I am. † Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Famous For: transcendental idealism & metaphysics This 18th century German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, contends that â€Å"reason is the source of morality. † His ideas continue to resonate in the halls of academic philosophy. The influence of these ideas is evident in present day thinking on the subject of ethics, epistemology, aesthetics, politics, and metaphysics. In his publication of Critique of Pure Reason, this was his attempt to combine reason with experience to prove failures of â€Å"traditional philosophy. † Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) Famous For: life-affirmation & statement â€Å"God is dead† German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and his ideas covered a lot ground and as a result, people began to raise questions they normally would not. The main crux of Nietzsche’s work was the idea of life-affirmation, but he also presented ideas such as  Will to power, perspectivism, master-slave morality, and the Apollonian/Dionysian dichotomy. Albert Camus (1913-1960) Famous For: absurdism & 1957 Nobel Prize for literature Albert Camus received a Nobel Prize for literature in 1957. The award was given in recognition for his attempt to create awareness of the plight of â€Å"the human conscience†. Camus is associated with the tenet known as â€Å"absurdism. † This French-Algeria born philosopher was also an author and journalist. C. S. Lewis (1898-1963). Famous For: The Chronicles of Narnia, â€Å"Screwtape Letters† & â€Å"Mere Christianity† C. S. Lewis was an academic scholar and Christian  apologist. Some of his works are well known, these include,The Chronicles of Narnia, The Screwtape Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) Famous For: being a political theorist & concept of â€Å"Homo faber† Hannah Arendt refused to be labeled as a philosopher on the basis that her work revolved around â€Å"men, not man. † Philosophy deals with man in the singular, Letters and The Problem of Pain. He and J. R. R. Tolkien were friends and part of the English department at Oxford. solo, which is different to what she was, a political theorist, dealing with men and the world around them. Hanna’s passion involved work in the fields of  authority, democracy, the nature of power, politics, and totalitarianism. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Famous For: absolutism for the soveriegn & political philosophy Thomas Hobbes is dubbed as the founder of the â€Å"social contract† tradition. This English philosopher wrote in the mid 17th century, Leviathan, which laid the groundwork for the introduction of the social contract theory. He also was an advocate of liberal thought and â€Å"absolutism for the sovereign. † Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) Famous For: being one of the founders of analytic philosophy Bertrand Arthur William Russell is remembered in  the field of philosophy as a proponent of analytic philosophy. One of his essays has been labeled as the ideal of philosophy, the essay is entitled On Denoting. The British wanted to go against idealism, Russell was their leader. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) Famous For: the philosophy of existentialism Jean Paul Sartre believed that â€Å"existence precedes essence. † Sartre did not shy from being linked to the ideal of existentialism. He applied his ideals on other areas of his life. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Famous For: Pascal’s law in mathematics & Pascal’s wager in philosophy The name of Blaise Pascal is frequently associated  with mathematics. As a philosopher, he proposed what we know as Pascal’s wager, in which people, in general, will bet their life on the existence or non existence of God. Michel Foucault (1926-1984) Famous For: Structuralism and Genealogy What does it take to make another man do your bidding? This was the goal of Michel Foucault. Most of his theories touched on the topic of the â€Å"nature of power† and its purpose. His writings revolved around the social institutions and â€Å"human science†. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) Famous For: the idea of the Reverence for Life Albert Schweitzer was a man with many facets. His  goal and philosophy of life was to have a â€Å"Reverence for Life†. He believed that civilization had cast aside its foundation in ethics. His published works, The Birth of the Clinic and The Order of Things helped highlight his views on â€Å"structuralism. † David Hume (1711-1776) Famous For: problem of causation & his book A Treatise of Human Nature One of the pillars of the Scottish Enlightenment, philosopher David Hume is credited with the â€Å"founding document of cognitive science† in his book A Treatise of Human Nature. Hume made every attempt to establish a naturalistic approach in understanding â€Å"man†. One of his arguments, â€Å"Reason is, and ought only to be slave of the passions,† is a longstanding idea that says, â€Å"allow desires to dictate reason. † Origen (c. 185-253) Famous For: one of the early Church Fathers and theologian Origen has been cited by scholars over the centuries, by academics, pastors, priests, and students. He wrote several treatises that covered philosophical theology, exegesis of the bible and textual criticism. He was influenced in his thinking by both Plato and Aristotle. In his discussions and writings, he always alluded to scripture, which he believed is divinely inspired by God. Thomas Paine (1737-1809). Famous For: writing Common Sense during the American Revolution As a political activist, Thomas Paine is regarded who helped two revolutionary wars. A pamphlet he wrote in 1776, entitled Common Sense was instrumental in igniting the fires of freedom and a reason to revolt during the American Revolution. Years later, he wrote Rights of Man that justified the French Revolution. Henry David Thoreau (1817- 1862) Famous For: his books Walden & Civil Disobedience The book Walden was Thoreau’s attempt to express a desire towards living a simple life in nature. Because of another book he wrote, Civil Disobedience, he had been viewed as an anarchist. Thoreau’s idea of giving up illusory ideals in exchange for the true needs of life was something he advocated throughout his life. John Dewey (1859-1952) Famous For: for his ideas on pragmatism & educational progressivism One of the first men to present the idea of John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) Famous For: being the â€Å"most influential English speaking philosopher of the 19th century† John Stuart is regarded as â€Å"the most influential pragmatism as a philosophical concept, Dewey also espoused Reflective Thinking. He believed in the philosophy of education, in which he views  education as a â€Å"social continuity of life. † This is why he championed Educational Progressivism. English speaking philosopher of the 19th century†. Mainly, he was a defender of political philosophy and he comes from the school of utilitarianism. As a member of the British parliament, he played a role highlighting â€Å"liberal political philosophy. † William James (1842-1910) Famous For: the philosophy of religion and theory of emotion William James was part of the philosophical school of pragmatism. More importantly was his application of that school of thought on the philosophy of religion. He also attempted to explain why, if we see a snake, we fear the snake and run. In his theory of emotion, James contends that we see a snake, we run; therefore, we fear the snake. Erich Fromm (1900-1980) Famous For: orientation of character As a humanistic philosopher, Erich Fromm has been linked to the school of critical theory. Some of his exemplary ideas include â€Å"being and having modes of existence. † Escape from Freedom is one of Fromm’s books which tries to explaing man’s changing view of freedom. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527). Famous For: Machiavellianism & The Prince Italian Renaissance philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli  is considered the founder of political science and an expert in political ethics. His main cointributions include political philosophy and realism. His book, The Prince has been viewed as a masterpiece that deals with political philosophy. John Calvin (1509-1564) Famous For: Calvinism & Doctine of Predestination Calvin developed a point of reference in Christianity the has been known as Calvinism. His attempt to explain the â€Å"doctrine of predestination† as it pertains to God and salvation continues to be debated to this day. The Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed church base their tenets on the teaching of  John Calvin. Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Famous For: father of existentialism The philosophy of religion and the idea of existentialism are two schools of thought that has Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) Famous For: War and Peace and Anna Karenina As a social reformer and moral thinker, Leo Tolstoy is known for his novels, War and Peace and Anna been linked to Kierkegaard. Most of his ideas revolve on the issue on how a person lives as an individual. Karenina. He helped shape the idea of Christian anarchist thinking and even pushed the idea of anarcho pacifism. Parmenides (c. 515-450 BC) Famous For: Eleatic school of philosophy. Parmenides founded the Eleatic school of philosophy sometime in the 5th century BC. He presents us with two views of reality, â€Å"what is† and â€Å"the way of opinion. † A quote from him is telling on how he affected western philosophy, â€Å"Thought and being are the same. † Mozi (c. 470-391 BC) Famous For: Mohism Chinese philosopher Mozi was the moving force in the establishment of the school of Mohism. Mozi was a proponent of moral philosophy and ethics. His teaching encouraged self-reflection and being real, not just obedience and ceremony. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Famous For: Thomism and Summa Theologica. Even though he was a priest, Thomas Aquinas and his philosophy have influenced modern philosophy. He was the father of Thomism, he believed that the truth is true regardless of the source. His work in Summa Theologica and Summa con Gentiles are important sources of discourse that continue to be used today. Mary Wollstonecraft (1759- 1797) Famous For: Feminist philosophy & A Vinidication of the Rights of Woman Mary Wollstonecraft believed that women should be treated equally the same way and that the social order should be based on reason. She is considered as the earliest of feminist philosophers. Her book A Vinidication of the Rights of Woman speaks of women not being inferior to men. Auguste Comte (1798-1857) Famous For: Altruism & positivism Comte was one of the founders of sociology and the principle of positivism, better known as the positive philosophy. Historians view him as the first of the scientific philosophers. He also conceived the word altruism, a doctrine that says people have an obligation to help or serve others. Avicenna (c. 980-1037) Famous For: The Book of Healing Persian philosopher Avicenna was a proponent of Islamic philosophy on which the Avicennian philosophy is based. The Book of Healing is his most famous work that has become an encyclopedia on philosophy and science. In that book he discusses the philosophy of science. Emma Goldman (1869-1940) Famous For: anarchist political philosophy Goldman comes from the philosophical school of of anarchism. She was a vocal supporter of womens rights and other social issues. The school of anarchism believes a state is harmful, unnecessary, and undesirable, making Goldman, anti-state. Epicurus (341-270 BC) Famous For: Epicurianism & Materialism Epicurus’s philosophy is centered on two things, â€Å"peace and freedom from fear† known as ataraxia  and â€Å"the absence of pain†, aponia. In his view, pain and pleasure are barometers of good and evil. This school of thought is known as Epicurianism. Saint Augustine of Hippo (354- 430) Famous For: Catholic Church & City of God The idea of the â€Å"Catholic Church† comes from the work of Saint Augustine. His writings, City of God and Confessions have influenced western philosophy and are still read today. He believed that man is the unity of soul and body, a perfect combination. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889- 1951) Famous For: Philosophical Investigations & fideism Wittgenstein was a man who buried himself in the  roots meaning â€Å"the love of wisdom. † Philosophers are persons who have a compelling need to pursue wisdom. Since the beginning of time, wise man and women have dedicated themselves to asking â€Å"Big Questions†.

Plato's ideas of a philosopher and its relevance in modern politics Essay

Plato's ideas of a philosopher and its relevance in modern politics - Essay Example They have important knowledge and are capable of achieving perfect one. They have the ability to educate the society with the truth due to the fact that they simply love wisdom and even just the thought of having it. They want to learn many things and it does not conceal the fact that indeed they love to acquire much more wisdom and they are more knowledgeable than any other. Regarding this, there are three important questions this essay addresses: Why, according to Plato, are philosophers considered useless by the general public? Why does Plato think that they are (potentially) useful? If the general public thinks that philosophers are useless, can they ever be useful? The metaphor of the ship â€Å"Imagine then a fleet or a ship in which there is a captain, who is taller and stronger than any of the crew, but he is a little deaf and has a similar infirmity in sight, and his knowledge of navigation is not much better†1. In this statement, Plato tried to emphasize that someone who is able to lead should definitely has knowledge about everything he or she is doing. It is not just enough to have physical strength just like the captain in the metaphor as having characteristics such as being taller and stronger than any of the crew in the ship, but it is important that someone must be able to have perfect knowledge about its role in order to play it perfectly right in front of the public. Plato did not deny the fact that someone who has the responsibility to lead should have important physical characteristics to ensure strength and possession of ultimate power. However, what he wanted to stress out is the fact that knowledge is important because just like the captain of the ship, the entire vessels should head on to the right direction. In directing the vessel to the right direction, the captain should essentially have important background, experiences or knowledge about navigation. Most importantly, he has the ability to learn which is the thought strongly emphasized by Plato through the use of the body parts associated with learning such as the eyes and ears. Plato emphasized these basic parts of the body as important components in understanding things or everything about in the world. The general public â€Å"Now in vessels which are in a state of mutiny and by sailors who are mutineers, how will the true pilot be regarded? Will he not be called by them a prater, a star-gazer, a good-for-nothing?†2. This statement simply illustrates the general public’s treatment towards philosophers. In this statement, Plato regarded the general public as having argumentative attitudes towards correct ideals. It is presented in this situation that the general public has the freedom on how they would show their treatment towards philosophers in line with their role in directing people and leading them towards certain directions. The general public certainly does not want to make agreement with the philosopher when in fact he has the ab ility to think among any other and has the potential to lead and learn the knowledge about something else. Just like in the case of the captain in the metaphor of the ship in the â€Å"The Republic†, although he is definitely has the potential strength to lead the entire crew of the ship, Plato ironically wants to emphasize that someone remarkably needs to have knowledge and the right ideals about everything else as far as moving forward to the right direction is concerned. However, Plato just wanted to emphasize that the general

Electric Vehicles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electric Vehicles - Term Paper Example Such finite supplies necessitate current technology and development to be concentric upon finding alternate means of locomotion that service the needs of current and future human populations. One of the most relevant alternatives that currently exists within the field of transportation science is of course the prospect of the electric vehicle. Although the technology to produce such vehicles dates back to prior to the Second World War, it is only recently that the forces of environmental preservation, global warming, and the rising cost and ultimate limitations to fossil fuels have brought this technology to the forefront yet again. Yet although electric vehicles offer a great deal of promise, the fundamental scientific proof of thermodynamics must be applied in order for the researcher/reader to understand why electric vehicles have not caught on to a more profound and/or successful degree. As such, the following analysis will consider the second law of thermodynamics as it relates to electric vehicles as well as elucidating a level of discussion as to several other drawbacks that electric vehicles currently exhibit (Tai-Hoon et al. 59). Naturally, such shortcomings should not be seen as a fatal blow to electric vehicles now and in the future; rather, it will only help to delineate why the current technology is not sufficient to provide a fundamental shift in the market and remedy to the transportation pressures that currently force the system to rely upon fossil fuels. As a matter of clarity, the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy of an isolated system cannot decrease. This is due to the fact that isolated systems continual move towards a level of thermodynamic equilibrium; also known as a state of maximum entropy. This has also been used to express why perpetual motion machines of any type are impossible (Zhang et al. 517). Many of the current design strategies and business plans surrounding the production and development of electric vehicles i s of the false belief that the creation of an effective fuel cell will herald the beginning of the end for the concept of entropy. However, rather than this being taken seriously as a legitimate and proven scientific theory, this is in fact merely a sound bite that many investors and producers of electric vehicles have latched onto; devoid of any grounding in the reality of science (Gonzalez-Romera et al. 9317). Due to the fact that the second law of thermodynamics does not allow for any self contained system to perpetuate itself indefinitely without the consumption of resources to continue such a process as it was designed, no matter how efficient a fuel cell or alternative technology is released with relation to the electronic vehicle, it is ultimately impossible to meet the expectations of many individuals within the market (Abu-Siada et al. 17). Another problematic issue that exists with regards to the laws of thermodynamics and the electric car is the lack of understanding that many within society integrate with regards to where the energy comes from that powers these aforementioned electric vehicles. Although the emphasis upon being â€Å"green† and environmentally responsible is a step in a positive direction for all those within society that seek to

Applied research methods Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Applied methods - Research Proposal Example Perhaps most importantly in this era of transition, leaders themselves must understand that their real legacy will not be the past performance of their financial services organisation, but its sustainable success. Helping leaders learn how to get results by being boundary-less thinkers, network builders, diplomats, and interpreters is a first step in meeting this challenge. Holding them accountable for getting results today and developing next-generation leaders for tomorrow is the quantum leap. The intention of this research proposal is to analyse and evaluate the managerial effectiveness of 'the management', and the perception of leadership and culture within Pembroke Consulting (PC) and the impact on employees and the organisation. Furthermore, it will be argued that the human relations management concept that entails the participation and involvement of all hierarchical levels has not been operative within PC. By examining the Company Background, it will be seen that both management and rank-and-file staff have difficulty coping with and adjusting to the series of transitions that have taken place in their organisation that contributed to its "stalemate" status. It is also shown how financial growth does not correspondingly translate into real development for an organisation or for the growth of the most important resource of any business group, - people. Various research methods will be used to determine perceptions, effectiveness and culture, and a 'way forward' will be proposed in the subsequent dissertation. Since downsizing and restructuring are often just euphemisms for wholesale layoffs, this is a prospect that most Asian financial services organisations and workers have a culturally determined difficulty taking seriously. Sometimes it seems as if some Japanese and Korean financial services organisations would rather close their doors altogether than carry out significant personnel cuts. That's how strong the sense of group identity is in the East. Company Background Pembroke Consulting is a financial services company providing access to financial markets, principally, futures and options, through electronic and other means. It is financial advisors, accountants and general insurance specialists and based in Weybridge, Surrey, UK. Since its inception, the company has undergone tremendous growth both organically and through acquisition, however, it was not, until recently, that the company became an active market-player. Three major company mergers brought about this evolution over the last eight years. Because of which, various aspects of the company including its work volume, staffing and market position all increased exponentially. The mergers contributed predominantly to a great success in terms of the bottom-line but operationally speaking, the outcome has been a disappointing failure. The organisation failed initially to integrate the significant changes brought about by the first two mergers until the last tree years. This was the latest i n a chain of events in the history of Pembroke Consulting

Western Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Western Art - Essay Example Classical architecture is based on the ‘symbolism’; a unit which is designed by categorization is mainly by the type of column used. Each order use to designed from the column, plus its base, plinth, or pedestal (if any), the crowning feature of the shaft, and the attractive horizontal member that triumphs of column, divided into three bands—architrave, frieze, and cornice. The Greeks used to have three orders, to get progressively slimmer and more ornately decorated: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, named after regions of Greece in which they are said to have been first used. The Romans later added two more orders—Tuscan, a starker form of Doric, and Composite, the richest of all. It was the combination of the features of Ionic and Corinthian—but Corinthian was the representation of the great order of the imperial Rome. Vitruvius discussed the orders, and from this resulted in the revival of the idea which represented their proportions and detailing which were codified and demonstrated in countless architectural treatises. Neolithic architecture appeared around 5500 to 8000 BC but there has been some evidence indicating that early Neolithic architecture appeared as early as 10000 BC in Syria and Iraq. Early Neolithic people especially in Mesopotamia were great builders who primarily used mud bricks to raise houses. More often than not these houses were painted with intricate landscapes of humans and animals probably depicting the way life were led in those times. These people also made elaborate tombs for their dead, a very good example of which is the Mane Braz megalithic tomb in Brittany, France. Stonehenge  is a  primitive  monument  located in the  English  county of  Wiltshire, which is the most famous prehistoric sites of world; Stonehenge is  earthworks  surrounded with large standing stones in a circular setting.  Archaeologists  believed that the iconic stone monument was erected around 2500 BC. Now if we

Inventions and Discoveries Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inventions and Discoveries - Term Paper Example A brief description of each discovery will be included in this discussion as well as how each discovery has challenged traditions and changed society for the good. Telescope Telescope is a device used to form magnified images of distant objects. Telescope is undoubtedly the most important investigative tool in astronomy. Galileo was the first person who used the telescope to study extraterrestrial bodies (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). The exact history about the invention of telescope is still unknown and controversial. However, it is believed that the first practical telescope was invented in Netherlands in the 17 th century. Astronomy and astrophysics developed a lot after the discovery of telescope. Heliocentric Model The Heliocentric Model was originally discovered by Nicolas Copernicus in 1543. The model assumed the Sun lies at or near the central point while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Copernicus was able to prove that all the planets are revolving around the sun in fixed orbits. He assumed that in the solar system, sun remains as the nucleus and the planets are rotating around the sun. The centripetal force towards the nucleus exerted by the sun was keeping the planets in their orbits. This model was in opposition of Claudius Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model which asserted the Earth was the central point. Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model assumed that Earth was at the nucleus and all the other planets and sun were rotating around the earth. He assumed that we are seeing sun at the east in the morning and at the west in the evening because of the rotation of the sun around earth. With the development of the telescope, Galileo was able to question the above belief and confirmed that Copernicus’ Heliocentric Model was accurate. The discovery that the Earth was not the central point of the universe would prove to be epic and would go on enhance human understanding of nature. The model challenged the Protestant and Catholic positions as well as the geocentric view of the universe. The long-standing societal tradition was that the Holy Bible super ceded all in regard to human discovery. The discovery of the Heliocentric Model certainly challenged this tradition. After all, the word written by God himself was recorded in the Bible, how could God’s word be wrong? The question â€Å"is the Bible is wrong or not† is debatable. It is not necessarily that the Bible was wrong; it is certainly plausible that its contents may have been misinterpreted or taken out of context. Nevertheless, the discovery forced a resistant society to examine how the Bible was interpreted and it also challenged previous assumptions made about the universe up to that point. Earlier, people believed that earth is stationary whereas sun is rotating. However after the discovery of telescope, Galileo assumed that sun remains stationary whereas earth is rotating. In Bible, there is a contradictory s tatement against the above belief. The Israeli leader Joshua once asked the sun to remain stationary in order to defeat the Palestine in an ongoing war. Bible says that because of Joshua’s prayer, the sun remained stationary for 24 hours in order to help Joshua in defeating the Palestine. After Galileo discovered the telescope, the above words of Bible were

Indicte behaviors that hold a team back and what role a leader ship Essay

Indicte behaviors that hold a team back and what role a leader ship process might play in strengthening those areas - Essay Example Leadership is all about building peak performing teams, teams focused on accomplishing goals. Leaders are able to effectively communicate and motivate the team to perform the set goals. Professionalism provides the tools needed to develop essential skills required for personal and team success. Focusing on building skills such as professionalism, effective communication, time management and organization, helps leaders develop a productive team ready to provide a positive contribution to the success of the organization (Vital Learning, N.D.). Many organizations struggle, not from lack of advanced information -- rather, they never really master these basics. One of the responsibilities of a leader is to motivate the team to all work together towards the common goal. This can be a daunting challenge. So often the team is comprised of very diverse members, each with their own strengths, weaknesses, and work styles. The team dynamics are also often complicated by internal disagreements and personal conflicts. The leader, not only has work with this group of people, but also needs to achieve the results expected by their superiors. Leaders can benefit by being able to identify the types of personality characteristics of team members. By understanding the basic personality types, the leader can use individual strengths of members for the good of the team, as well as assign tasks that individual team members naturally excel in. A leader can also learn to communicate in a way that is motivating, by taking into account the needs, values and working preferences of different team members (PointShop.com, 2006). Besides, regular positive and negative feedback from the team members will also help in improving and understanding the needs of the team. For many individuals, every day life activities, including work related activities, are impaired due to a lack of, or untrained organizational skills. What can be done to develop or improve organizational

Aunt Jennifers Tiger Essay Example for Free

Aunt Jennifers Tiger Essay Aunt Jennifer’s tigers is a poem by Adrienne Rich illustrating her feminist concerns. In the male dominant world, a women of her time was only supposed to be a dutiful homemaker. This poem through the world of Aunty Jennifer, tells us about her inner desire to free herself from the clutches of abusive marriage and patriarchal society. Poem Summary The first stanza opens with Aunt Jennifer’s visual tapestry of tigers who are fearless of their environment. Bright topaz[1] denizens[2] of a world of green – evoke an image that these regal tigers are unafraid of other beings in the jungle. Bright here signifies their powerful and radiant persona. There is a sense of certainty and confidence in the way these tigers move as can be seen in the line – They pace in sleek chivalric[3] certainty. In the second stanza, the reality of Aunt Jennifer is revealed as she is feeble, weak and enslaved, very much the opposite of the tigers she was knitting. Her physical and mental trauma is depicted in the line – find even the ivory needle hard to pull. Even though a wedding ring doesn’t weigh much, the massive weight of uncle’s wedding band, sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand signifies the amount of dominance her husband exercised over her. This also means that her inner free spirit has been jailed by the patriarchal society[4]. The last stanza starts on a creepy note about Aunt Jennifer’s death. Even her death couldn’t free her from the ordeals she went through which can be seen in When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. While driving from her parent’s home to Cochin, she notices her mother sitting beside her dozing, her face pale like a dead body and her thoughts far away. This reminds her painfully that her mother is old and could pass away leaving her alone. Putting that thought aside she looked out at the young trees speeding by and children running out of their homes happily to play. These remind her probably of youth and life, her own younger days and her mother when she was young. But after the security check at the airport, looking back at her mother standing a few yards away, she finds her looking pale like the winter moon. She feels that familiar pain and childhood fear of the thought of losing her mother and of being lonely just as she had been when she was young because she was different from other children. She could only keep smiling and tell her ‘see you soon’ knowing full well that she might not see her.

Developing a professional portfolio

Developing a professional portfolio A professional portfolio is one of the best ways for a professional to showcase their knowledge, skills and experience in their field. Educators will learn the value of a portfolio for job acquisition and career development as they work through the content and format of their own personal and professional portfolio. Developing a Professional Portfolio What is a Professional Portfolio? Organized collections of work compiled for a specific purpose related to the demonstration of ones learning, skills, and accomplishments. They contain purposefully organized documentation that clearly demonstrates specific knowledge, skills, dispositions and accomplishments achieved over time. The Process Involves 4 Steps Select personal or professional goal. Collect actual items and documents that could demonstrate what you are doing to reach your goal. Decide which items best illustrate your achievement of or progress toward the goal. Determine how to present the selected items. Purpose/Benefit of the Professional Portfolio First, the portfolio process helps students to reframe how they see themselves as learners. It encourages them to think about their learning, and the learning environment, in critical and meaningful ways to become mindful, intentional, self-directed learners. For many learners, the portfolio process reignites their intellectual curiosity, the same quality we admire and seek to foster in children. Second, the portfolio process provokes adult learners to look at education differently as integrative and ongoing reaching far beyond the confines of the classroom and continuing throughout life. We have heard so often from students over the years that they have felt that their college classes were irrelevant and had no connection to â€Å"real life.† Many have experienced higher education as a series of hoops one jumps through to get the â€Å"piece of paper.† On the contrary, students who have experienced the portfolio process report a high degree of connectedness between what they do in the college classroom and what they experience beyond the classroom door. The real-world nature of portfolio work bridges the theory-to-practice gap in ways that result in meaningful learning and change. Course content ceases to be the stuff one crams for a test and soon forgets. It comes to be owned by the learner, and therefore it becomes part of the fabric of ones professional life and development. Difference Between Personal Professional Portfolio http://www.unhm.unh.edu/pdf/Career-Portfolio.pdf> Retrieved on 17-May-2011 Contents of a Professional Portfolio Design and Develop a Format and Building Your Portfolio Step 1: Title Page Course Name Assignment Name Student Name/Community Step 2: Table of Contents Outlines the order of your Portfolio Introduction Personal Philosophy Current Resume References Reference Letter Collection of Work Professional Development Closing Remarks Step 3: Introduction of Self- characteristics, qualities, personal traits, values, beliefs Introduce your self. name, community and a little bit about yourself. Include characteristics, qualities, personal traits, values and beliefs you have that will support your position as an EA or ECE. Personal Qualities Skills Checklist Review this list of personal qualities and skills and check those that you believe you exhibit adaptable good natured artistic honest calm industrious confident patient considerate pleasant dependable practical discreet punctual energetic reasonable fair-minded reliable flexible responsible helpful self-confident attentive stable loyal accurate meticulous ambitious open-minded clear-thinking organized competitive persevering cooperative realistic curious resourceful eager thorough enthusiastic versatile intelligent active logical alert methodical assertive outgoing broad-minded precise competent purposeful conscientious productive creative steady determined tenacious efficient trustworthy enterprising understanding Transferable Skills Checklist Review this list of transferable skills and check all the skills that you think you have. adapt to situation advise people analyze data arrange function assemble product audit records budget money build buy products/service calculate numbers check for accuracy collect money communicate compare data construct buildings coordinate activities cope with deadline create delegate design detail do precision work draft drive edit establish estimate evaluate examine expedite explain file records find information fix/repair follow direction follow through gather information gather materials generate handle equipment help people illustrate implement improve inspect products install instruct invent investigate learn quickly listen locate information log information make decisions make policy manage a business meet the public move material obtain operate equipment order goods/supplies organize data own/operate business paint plan prepare material print process material produce promote record data reduce costs replace report information research restore retrieve information review schedule sell review service equipment set goals set-up equipment set-up system solve problems supervise support survey tend equipment test track train transfer translate troubleshoot type update information upgrade verify work quickly write procedures write proposals write reports Characteristics of a Good Educator Review this list of characteristics of a good educator and check those that you believe you exhibit Characteristics Behaviors, attitudes, abilities, skills Articulate Communicates so children and families understand Available Interacts responsively with children and families Caring Demonstrates compassion and empathy Committed Devoted to caring for children Creative Uses a variety of teaching strategies Fair Responds to each child equitable Flexible Demonstrates ability to adapt to situations Fun Has a sense of humor Individualizes Adapts program to individual childs needs and interests Knowledgeable Knows current teaching strategies and materials and matches them to childrens interests, needs and developmental levels Motivating Promotes active involvement; makes learning fun Open Sees things from others perspectives Organized Arranges environment, materials, time and curriculum plans Patient and pleasant Even tempered, uses effective voice tone and gestures Professional Conscientious about carrying out responsibilities; uses strategies to keep personal pressures from interfering Reflective Reflects upon performance and accepts constructive feedback Identify Who are the Team Members in Child Care and Education This is a Story about Four People A Fun Little Story About Four  People Retrieved on 17-May-2011 What Is A Team? A team consists of a collection of people who interact with each other, usually face to face, over time in order to reach goals. A Child Care/Classroom Team Consists Of children staff parents administrators support services (The list varies depending on the needs of children, program, and members involved) Characteristics and Skills of Team Members Building Cohesiveness Cohesiveness is what takes place that causes members to feel apart of a team and make them want to remain on that team. Highly cohesive team members spend more time interacting, and there are more expressions of positive feelings for one another as well as report more satisfaction with the team and its work. Cohesive teams have greater control over the behavior of other members. Highly cohesive teams have the potential to be productive. The goal of the team is to boost cohesiveness in a way that also helps get the job done. There are eight factors that can enhance cohesion in a professional team. Shared or Compatible Goals: People draw closer when they share a similar aim or when their goals can be mutually satisfied. Progress Toward These Goals: While a team is making progress, members feel highly cohesive: when progress stops, cohesiveness decreases. Shared Norms and Values: Although successful teams will tolerate and even thrive on some differences in members attitudes and behavior, wide variation in the teams definition of what actions or beliefs are proper will reduce cohesiveness. ack of Perceived Threat Between Members: Cohesive team members see no threat to their status, dignity, and material or emotional well-being. Often competition arises with teams, and as a result members feel threatened. Interdependence of Members: Teams become cohesive when their needs can be satisfied only with the help of other members. Threats from Outside the Team: When members perceive a threat to the teams existence or image (teams have self-concepts, just as individuals do), they grow closer together. Mutual Perceived Attractiveness and Friendship: Teams often become close simply because members like each other. Shared Team Experiences: When members have been through some unusual or trying experiences, they draw together. Nature of Conflict Conflict -Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from other party in achieving their goals. -Conflict can only exist if both parties are aware of the disagreement. -Conflict is natural. So are the associated feelings. -Hurt, Anger, Frustration, etc. can make conflict intense -Every relationship of any depth has conflict -No matter how close, how understanding, how compatible you are with each other your ideas, actions, and needs wont always match. Example of Conflict Conflict: Neighbors Music Keeps You Awake All Night Incompatible Goals: Neighbor wants to enjoy to loud music at night and you want get a good night sleep. Scarce Resources: Your neighbor or you will loose out. Interference From Other Party In Achieving Their Goals: Does the neighbor achieve their goal of enjoying loud music at night and you loose sleep? Or will you achieve your goal of a good night sleep and the neighbor does not get to achieve their goal of listening to loud music at night? Impossible to Avoid Conflict Since it is impossible to avoid conflicts, the challenge is to develop effective communication and constructive conflict resolution skills. listening carefully empathy relating to the other persons side effective communication Remember. ..conflict can actually keep good relationships strong and may help to clear the air. Personal Conflict Styles Nonassertive Behavior inability or unwillingness to express thoughts or feelings of conflict Direct Aggression communicator expresses a criticism or demand face to face that threatens the person at whom it is directed Passive Aggression the communicator expresses hostility in an obscure way Indirect Communication conveys a message in a roundabout manner Assertion a message expresses the speakers needs, thoughts, and feelings clearly and directly without judging or dictating to others Conflict Style Approach to Others Decision Making Self-Sufficiency Behavior in Problem Situations Response of Others Success Pattern Non Assertive Im not OK; youre OK Let others choose Low Flees; gives in Disrespect, guilt, anger, frustration Succeeds by luck or charity of others Directly Aggressive Im OK, youre not OK Choose for others. They know it. High or Low Outright attack Hurt, defensiveness, humiliation Feels compelled to beat out others Passive Aggressive Im OK, youre not OK. (But Ill let you think you are.) Chooses for others. They dont know it. Looks high, but usually low Concealed Attack Confusion, frustration, feelings of manipulation Wins by manipulation Indirect Im OK, your not OK or Im not OK, your re Ok. Chooses for others. They dont know it. High or low Strategic Unknowing compliance or resistance Unwitting compliance of others Assertive Im Ok youre OK Chooses for self. Usually high Direct Confrontation Mutual Respect Attempts win-win solutions Which Style is Best? You may say assertive communication is superior because it allows you to express yourself honestly, and seems to have the greatest chance of success but it is an oversimplification to say that any one style is best. Factors it Depends on: The Situation The Receiver Your Goals Assertion in Conflict Resolution (Also know as the clear message format..I statements) A complete assertive message has five parts: Behavioral Description describing an event without interpreting it. Interpretation attaching meaning to the behavior. Feeing clarifying the impact. How do you feel about this angry frustrated confused? Consequence explaining the result Intention communicating where you stand; or, request of others; or, description of how you plan to act in the future. Methods of Conflict Resolution Strategies Method of Conflict Resolution Description Win-Lose Problem Solving one party gets what he/she wants typical of an either-or situation power is the distinguishing characteristic Lose-Lose Problem Solving neither side is satisfied Compromise Problem Solving gives both parties some of what they wanted, and both make sacrifices success depends on the satisfaction of the parties Win-Win Problem Solving goal is to find a solution that satisfies everyone involved Although a win-win approach sounds ideal, it is not always possible, or even appropriate. Choosing the Most Appropriate Method of Conflict Resolution Consider deferring to the other person When you discover you are wrong When the issue is more important to the other person that it is to you To let others learn by making their own mistakes When the long-term cost of winning may not be worth the short-term gains Consider Compromise When there is not enough time to seek a win-win outcome When the issue is not important enough to negotiate at length When the other person is not willing to seek a win-win outcome Consider Competing When the issue is important and the other person will take advantage of your noncompetitive approach Consider Cooperating When the issue is too important for a compromise When a long-term relationship between you and the other person is important When the other person is willing to cooperate Win-Win Communication Skills and Steps Win-Win process is difficult!! people feel the need to compete emotional reflexes prevent constructive solutions require both partys cooperation Step 1 Identify your Problem and Unmet Needs realize that the problem is yours you are the one dissatisfied! what are your unmet needs? clearly describe each without judgment or evaluation (to yourself) Step 2 Make a Date recognize that immediately may not be the best time find a mutually convenient time Step 3 Describe your Pr

Impact of Globalisation on Businesses

Impact of Globalisation on Businesses Assignment 10: A structured, illustrated, essay of 2,000 words (+/- 10%) Why have global businesses appeared? What type of businesses might have plans to become global? How do global companies affect a) international trade, b) creating employment, c) increasing consumer choice, d) ethical objectives, e) tax revenues, f) cultural diversity, g) financial markets. How do governments respond to an expanding global economy? Outline the main government areas of intervention: a) fiscal policy, b) monetary policy, c) privatisation and nationalisation, d) trading blocs, e) exchange rates. For your company, evaluate how it has confronted the various demands of globalisation.   Ã‚   Sources: Refer to Unit 118/119/120 of your text book, p. 686 Search on the internet using Google. If you copy/paste into your text, use inverted commas, give references and credit at the bottom of your page. Copy and Paste should be a maximum of 10% of your final copy. At the end of your assignment, give a complete bibliography. Type in Word using Calibri FONT. The main text should be font size 12. Use recto/verso printing if possible to save paper. If using images or graphs, make sure they correspond to a point you wish to make in the text. Introduction: Globalisation is worldwide business. It is really important because businesses can get customers from all over the world. In this assignment I will show you, why global business important and what types of business might be going to be global. Also I will introduce how global companies affect such as international trade, knowledge transfer, creating employment, increasing consumer choice, ethical objectives, tax revenues, cultural diversity, financial markets. And I will explain how governments respond to an expanding global economy. I will outline the main government areas of intervention such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, privation and nationalisation, trading blocs, exchange rates. Why have global businesses appeared? Global business appeared because of 5 points. Competition Economics: Rivalry in which every seller tries to get what others sellers are seeking at the same time: sales, profit, and market share by offering the best practicable combination of price, quality, and service. Where the market information flows freely, competition plays a regulatory function in balancing demand and supply. Consumer expectation Customer expectation refers to the total perceived benefits a customer expects from a companys product or service. If the actual experience customers have with a product exceeds the expectation, they are typically satisfied. If the actual performance falls below the expectation, they are typically disappointed. Economies of scale Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product. Economies of scale arise because of the inverse relationship between the quantity produced and per-unit fixed cost because of the inverse relationship between the quantity produced and per-unit fixed costs; i.e. the greater the quantity of a good produced, the lower the per-unit fixed cost because their costs are spread out over a larger number of goods. Economies of scale may also reduce variable costs per unit because of operational efficiencies and synergies. Economies of scale can be classified into two main types: internal-arising from extraneous factors such as industry size. Choice of location There are a lot of place of choice to locate the business in this world. You can choose the place by your needs (Low level tax, cheap labour, Warm place, cold place) For example it can be possible to Company A which produce swimwear open the main company in low tax country and build the factory in low wags country (like a china) then sell to tropical country. Mergers Merger its a transaction where two firms agree to integrate their operations on a relatively co-equal basis became they have resources and capabilities that together may have resources and capabilities that together may create a stronger competitive advantage. The combining of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock. Example: Company A + Company B = Company C Global business has appeared in this 5 points (Competition, Consumer expectation, Economies of scale, Choice of location, Mergers). Globalisation appeared also because of company does have a lots of demand and so they cannot produce enough un less hey get support from other country. Also they need more cheap materials source from not only own country. For example, China is the one of the countries labour and cheap material. So a lots of business make factory in there. Globalisation is the process of integration of economies, industries, cultures and policy-making around the world. It describes a process by which national and regional economies or cultures have become integrated through the global network of trade, communication and transportation. In the past globalisation was mainly focused on the economic side of the world, such as trade, foreign investments and capital flows. Now it started to include a broader range of areas and activities such as culture, media, technology, socio-culture, political and even biological factors, e.g. climate change. What type of businesses might have plans to become global? In this question I will talk about company LADA. It is not really famous company in the world but almost everyone knows about this brand in Russian. Lada its a sight of Russia. Lada working on the company called LADA Progress when this company works on Avtograd which is really famous in Russia because they selling: Lada, Opel, Chevrolet, Kia and Lifan. When LADA progress join Avtograd its means what they trying to start working on global business level. Lada start opening new shops and getting more and more customers. They can order you: Selling Lada cars, selling parts for car and accessories, Full certificate workers will do MOT test, Test drive, Trade in. Long time ago Lada was a croup company and was doing really bad machines and was chip, which is kind of okay, because everyone can get it. But now they trying to do much better and make customers take they words back. In my opinion Lada should keep on this line and keep progressing in this stage, getting more customers, getting higher reputation and grow up in it. As I say before about bad reputation. Secondly I would say what they should move to other countries and see how is it going. If it will be all right, it means what they will keep growing up in reputation. When they rich moment whn they will be famous company with good quality of product, while they growing up they should watch on other companies and see how they going, so they can get more experience from them. Also they can get other company workers which can be better than Russians, for example take designer from BMW company so they get better view of the car and may be take engineer from Mercedes so they get better engine in the car and etc. How do global companies affect a) international trade, b) knowledge transfer, c) creating or removing employment, d) increasing consumer choice, e) ethical objectives, f) tax revenues, g) cultural diversity or unity, h) financial markets. International trade Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost every kind of product can be found on the international market: food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies and water. Services are also traded: tourism, banking, consulting and transportation. A product that is sold to the global market is an export, and a product that is bought from the global market is an import. Imports and exports Creating employment- Lets talk about company McDonalds. First time when they come to Russia (USSR) was January 30th of 1990, and in the first day they get 30,000 customers. They open they first restaurant in Moscow, which was also first in hall USSR. It was huge even for McDonalds to come to USSR; they were planning to come for over 20 years. They say they were holding talks with Soviet officials about opening this venture for over 20 years since 1976 Thats was told in news. Every new day they start getting more and more customers. Russian people start liking this taste of American burgers, because it was cheap and god quality. The point is what, McDonalds moved to USSR they spend 50 million dollars to open factory and restaurant, but they get hell of a lot customers from doing it. They definitely overpay they expenses. So, McDonalds made risky move to spend 50 million dollars to open they product in USSR, but it was successful risk. They overpay they expenses and open other culture what means American burgers. Increasing consumer choice- When McDonalds moved to USSR it was shock for USSR people because they never tried it before, and they like it so much. Thats why when they (McDonalds) mover to USSR in opening day was 30,000 people. Ethical objectives- Tax revenues- Lets talk about Starbucks. It was a huge problem to this company, because of tax revenue. They were moving around the word to dont pay to government hell of a lot money for being in company and using they property. Cultural diversity- When McDonalds moved to Russia (USSR) it was huge step for McDonalds, because Russian people start liking Fast Food. Before McDonalds in Russian wasnt that time of fast-food, so people was shocked from it because it is American food so it was taking time to get used to it, but in first day of opening there was 30k people in McDonalds. For McDonalds it was very good move, but the problem what it is Fast Food restaurant but they good huge quit to it so it was kind of fast food because McDonalds was making only hamburgers and cheeps, also selling Coca-Cola. McDonalds making 1 order for like 30 seconds. So it was the real fast-food. Financial market- When McDonalds moved to Russia, they open share list for Russia government so Russian people can work in here, which will get move customers because at that time Russian people dont really speak English so It will be hard for them to communicate which is other but if we look from other side, it was only 1 order, which is burger (hamburger) with cheeps and Coca-Cola, which was really sheep. I believe in America they were selling that order only for 0.15$ so it was really sheep. When in all other fast-food restaurant was cost only of 1 hamburger 0.15$ and if they want to get burger + cheeps + Coca-Cola It will cost around 0.4$. So in Russia I guess will be also very-very cheap to get that order. But after some time McDonalds changed because of the 1 reason. So they start making other restaurants and making other product so opening share list in Russia will be really important. How do governments respond to an expanding global economy? Outline the main government areas of intervention: a) fiscal policy, b) monetary policy, c) privatisation and nationalisation, d) trading blocs, e) exchange rates. Fiscal policy- Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. Governments typically use fiscal policy to promote strong and sustainable growth and reduce poverty. The role and objectives of fiscal policy gained prominence during the recent global economic crisis, when governments stepped in to support financial systems, jump-start growth, and mitigate the impact of the crisis on vulnerable groups. Monetary policy It is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, like the central bank or currency bank, controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency. Further goals of a monetary policy are usually to contribute to economic growth and stability, to lower unemployment, and to maintain predictable exchange rates with other currencies. Privation and nationalisation- Most of the UKs major strategic heavy industries and public utilities were nationalised between 1946 and the early 1950s, only to be returned to the private sector between 1979 and 1990. (Question) Trading blocs- A regional trading bloc is a group of countries within a geographical region that protect themselves from imports from non-members. Trading blocs are a form of economic integration, and increasingly shape the pattern of world trade. There are several types of trading block. (Question) Exchange rates- A currency crisis is brought on by a decline in the value of a countrys currency. This decline in value negatively affects an economy by creating instabilities in exchange rates, meaning that one unit of the currency no longer buys as much as it used to in another. To simplify the matter, we can say that crises develop as an interaction between investor expectations and what those expectations cause to happen. (Examples, Answer question) For your company, evaluate how it has confronted the various demands of globalisation. When company was open they start working on first generator Model 200A. and when they finished It HP start selling it for $54.40 when all other company was selling this kind of product for more than $200. And the first big company which find about HP was really interesting and bought 8 generators Model 200A and each was sold for $71.50. Thats was the biggest step for that company, because of that they start being famous. In 1966 they produce first in the world (thats what Wired newspaper said) mini-computer HP2116A. In 1968 HP produce first in the world desktop scientific computer HP9100A cathode display, and together with the printer and magnetic card reader device cost $ 4,900. Thats how HP9100A look like Thats how PH2116A looks like After this computer this company start getting hell of a lot profit and customers. Also at that moment they start known all round the world. Bibliography https://www.reference.com/business-finance/definition-customer-expectation-963b46f5f05ac34b http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competition.html http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economiesofscale.asp http://www.slideshare.net/AbhishekYadav68/mergers-acquisitions-and-joint-ventures http://williamssocial10.weebly.com/economic-globalization.html http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/112503.asp https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270283041_THE_IMPACT_OF_TRUST_ON_KNOWLEDGE_TRANSFER_IN_INTERNATIONAL_BUSINESS_SYSTEMS https://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/ikt_expert_report.pdf http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/challenges-and-opportunities-in-international-business/s07-04-global-business-ethics.html http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/tax-revenue http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/taxation.html http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cultural-diversity.html http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-market.asp http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040615/what-actions-or-policies-can-government-agency-take-counteract-and-end-stagflation-economy.asp http://economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Nationalisation.html http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Trading_blocs.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_Enterprise_Business Name:Artem Nikolashin Date: 03 December 2016 Assignment:5 Globalisation KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING ANALYSIS /EVALUATION Why have global businesses appeared? 4 6 6 What type of businesses might have plans to become global? 4 6 6 How do global companies affect a) international trade, b)creating employment, c) increasing consumer choice, d) ethical objectives , e) tax revenues, f) cultural diversity, g)financial markets. 4 8 10 How do governments respond to an expanding global economy? Outline the main government areas of intervention: a)fiscal policy, b ) monetary policy, c) privatisation and nationalisation, d) trading blocs, e) exchange rates. 4 8 8 For your company, evaluate how it has confronted the various demands of globalisation. 4 8 8 TOTAL 20 36 38 % INTRODUCTION 5 CONCLUSION 6 TITLE 1 HEADINGS/SUBHEADINGS 1 QWC 7 FOOTNOTES 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 RESEARCH 5 EFFORT 5 FEELINGS 2 DEADLINE 2 TOTAL 40 % MARKER Name: Date: FINAL GRADE

Analyzing User Requirements by the Unified Process and Total Quality Management :: essays research papers

Analyzing User Requirements by the Unified Process and Total Quality Management Summary A successful project demands a correct and thorough requirements analysis. This paper proposes a refined requirements workflow, TQM/UP, to analyze requirements systematically. This workflow integrates five management and statistical analysis tools of Total Quality Management (TQM)—Affinity diagram, Tree diagram, Brainstorming, Pareto analysis and Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)—into the Unified Process (UP) and helps the team to analyze requirements in a more efficient way. The guidelines I provide are based on my own experiences in an IT company, Interlancer, Limited which is briefly introduced at the latter part of this paper. Educator & practitioner summary I would like to thank all of the people at UL for their support and input during this project. I give special thanks to my project advisor, Mr. John Noonan, for his support and guidance. I would also like to thank my girlfriend, for her enduring support over the past several weeks. Contents Summary 1 Educator & practitioner summary 2 1 Introduction 5 2 What are Requirements? 5 3 Capturing Requirements by UP 6 3.1 What is UP? 7 3.1.1 UP is Use-Case Driven 7 3.1.2 UP is Architecture-Centric 8 3.1.3 UP is Iterative and Incremental 8 3.2 The Life of UP 8 3.3 The Role of Requirements in the Software Life Cycle 10 3.4 Requirements Workflow in UP 10 4 A Refined Requirements Workflow: TQM/UP 13 4.1 Introduction of TQM Tools 13 4.1.1 Affinity diagram 13 4.1.2 Tree diagram 13 4.1.3 Brainstorming 13 4.1.4 Pareto analysis 14 4.1.5 Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) 14 4.2 TQM/UP 14 4.2.1 How to Analyze the Problem? 14 4.2.2 How to Understand Stakeholder Needs? 17 4.2.3 How to Define the System? 18 4.2.4 How to Manage the Scope of the System? 19 4.2.5 How to Refine the System Definition? 20 5 A real world case: Interlancer, Limited 21 5.1 A brief introduction of Interlancer 21 5.2 TQM/UP in Interlancer 22 5.2.1 Analyze the Problem 22 5.2.2 Understand Stakeholder Needs 24 5.2.3 Define the System 27 5.2.4 Manage the Scope of the System 27 5.2.5 Refine the System Definition 28 6 Conclusion 30 Appendix: Glossary of Terms 31 List of illustrations 32 List of tables 32 References 33 1 Introduction Requirements analysis of a software system is one of the most crucial steps in the software development process. Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. has pointed out that no other part of the work so cripples the resulting system if done wrong and no other part is more difficult to rectify later than requirements analysis. The potential impact of errors in requirements is substantial: †¢ The resulting software may not satisfy users’ real needs.

Success And Determination As Shown In Eyes Of The Dragon :: essays research papers

Determination in life is often viewed as an excellent quality for people to obtain and practise. The novel Eyes of the Dragon gives three prime examples of the process of determination in relation to everyday life. Determination to obtain a material object or position is often rewarded with success. Determination when used for others will often gain admiration and respect. Being determined to escape a dangerous situation may be the catalyst between life and death. Although it may be easier to stay in a comfort zone and remain apathetic, success in life depends upon the degree to which individuals are willing to take risks for self and others. Success can be measured by the rate or degree people are determined to accomplish their goals. Peter, his friends and Flagg all had different levels of perseverance which determined their ultimate success. Throughout the novel Eyes of the Dragon Flagg the magician is determined to gain control of Delain. Although he did not achieve this goal he had many methods to try and achieve this goal. Because Flagg had not taken enough precautions to ensure his success, Peter was able to rise up and make a determination to escape from his imprisonment. Through hardships Peter was able to overcome adversity and with each one gained determination to escape from his hellish stay atop the needle. Without this determination to risk death, he would have most likely died earlier than he would have had he escaped. After Peter?s daring escape, he and his friends were determined to go after and kill Flagg for his crimes against humanity so as not to let his actions continue. It was Peter's determin ation that his friends admired that ultimately decided his fate when his friends were inspired to help him escape and kill Flagg. Human determination will be the ultimate decision between success and failure throughout their entire lives. It is only by the strongest of will and determination that result in the inheritance of the treasures of human development.