Crimes Against Children Essay

schemaChild ab intent clearly has a negative impact on baberen and burn result in demeanoural, cognitive, turned on(p), and develop amiable difficulties. This whitethorn lead to great difficulties later in life that will extend into adulthood. The use of proper investigation techniques and appropriate treatment of cases, however, can result in less(prenominal) traumatization for barbarian corrupt dupes.I. Introduction fit in to Hess & Orthmann (2010), legality enforcement agencies be charged with canvass all annoyances, precisely the responsibility is greater when kidren are have-to doe with. Because youngsterren are more unsafe than early(a) members of alliance, their cherishion under the justice must(prenominal) be greater. Crimes against barbarianren cover an bulky range of crimes, including but non exceptional to ill-usage, versed exploitation, sexual step, abduction, trafficking and molestation. Child holler investigations involve many challenges an d thus rationalise specific techniques and considerations for successful outcomes in wrong of cases solved and pursuits.This makeup will set come to by defining specific foothold that are germane to the topic of crimes against kidskinren. The following part will provide a scope of the caper c one timerning crimes against nipperren. The following discussion component part will offer a surmisal framework to account for offenders of crimes against children. The fifth section will offer a belles-lettres review of current research findings regarding crimes against children investigatory techniques. This is followed by a discussion section that will identify strategies and recommendations for successful inquiring outcomes. Finally, the last section will tot and conclude the important aspects of crimes against children investigation strategies as they affiliate to successful outcomes and prosecution.The significance of this report is that it contributes to the crimin aljustice dodging by critically reviewing investigative strategies and techniques as they relate to their mission of successful outcomes in crimes against children cases. This paper is written for colleagues and clerisy who have a professional or academic provoke in reducing crimes against children with utilizing the outgo investigative strategies and techniques.II. maltreatment of Children DefinedMaltreatment means to treat someone close to or abusive (Hess & Orthmann, 2010). The quartet common land types of maltreatment include drop down, corporal outcry, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. A. Child Neglect The disaster to meet a childs basic needs. This could include starving a child, or not keeping a child clean and well-kempt. B. Physical vilification Refers to violence against a child. While the virtues whitethorn vary from state to state regarding the specifics of what constitutes physical abuse towards a child, this term refers to profligate abuse such as pun ching, strangling, or ca using bodily harm to a child. C. Emotional Abuse Involves causing dread or impressionings of unworthiness in a child. This may include hurling insults at a child, or intimidating a child. D. Sexual abuse Sexually molesting a child, performing sexual acts, statutory rape, and conquest (Hess et al, 2010).III. Scope of the ProblemThe extent of the problem is signalized by 2 inappropriate views. One on side of the spectrum, there is a maximalist alarmist perspective and on the another(prenominal) side there is the minimalist atheistic perspective. The maximalist alarmist perspective believes that child abuse and commandfulness is reaching epidemic proportions and unless drastic go are taken child abuse will continue and hardly astound worse. The minimalists consider the maximalist view to be to a fault exaggerated and overstated for their own selfish purpose (Hess et al, 2010). According to Juvenile Offenders and Victims 2006 topic Report, child fatalities are the virtually sad consequences of maltreatment. An estimated 1,530 children died because of abuse or neglect. 41.1 part of child fatalities were caused by neglect where physical abuse was withal a major contributor. to a greater extent than three-quarters of the children who died because of child abuse were younger than four years old.However, some expertsbelieve that child fatalities may be underreported by 50 to 60 percent (Hess et al, 2010). The effects of child abuse are upsetting, disheartening and potentially truly dangerous. Child abuse and neglect result in serious as well as permanent physical, mental and emotional damage. Unfortunately, the effects of child abuse may lead some dupes to dribble in future criminal demeanour (Hess et al, 2010). Emotional damage from the effects of child abuse is disturbing. It may cause the victim to have an change magnituded level of trespass along with self-destructive tendencies. Antisocial behavior can put not onl y the family in harms way, but also the community (Hess et al, 2010). Antisocial behaviors along with physical aggression are two of the most(prenominal) constant outcomes of physical abuse. business organisation and anger are also combine with abused children. Some studies have suggested that childishness abuse and neglect will compact cognitive skills and can lead to forethought famine dis ensnares. In addition to deficit disorders, omit and physically abused children do not do well in school. These children tend to produce low grades, trim down standardized tests scores and much retention in the same grade, but neglected children are far worse off than those who are physically abused (Chalk, Gibbons, Scarupa, 2002).IV. surmise Framework to Account for OffendersCrimes against children have many broad based causations rooted in criminological, psychological, and biological theory constructs. From a crimes against children investigative perspective, the office and contr ol theory, (as a subset of contradict criminology), as posited by Hagan, Gillis, and Simpson (1990) accounts for a pregnant niche of offenders. In their theory Hagan et al. (1990) follow the cause bestowed to males by the patriarchal system of marriage. While primarily an explanation of domestic help violence, the power and control theory also incorporates domestic aspect of child abuse, neglect, and sexual assault (Hagan et al., 1990). Hess and Orthmann (2010) add encourage comport in their claim that 90 percent of child abuse suspects are parents or an adult known to the child. Tanner (2009) notes demarcation line of the power and control theory is it does not explain or predict wild behavior, only that offending behavior toward children does communicate in significant numbers in a patriarchal construct. Even with this limitation, the power and control theory is useful in identifying offendersand developing useful policies and strategies in crimes against children invest igations.V. literature ReviewA specific technique for a better outcome for discourse child victim cases would be to show up a childrens advocacy philia. Allowing these centers to say law enforcement officers, child protection workers, prosecutors, therapists, checkup professionals all in one center will be to coordinate investigations, prosecution and treatment to the young victim. These centers can strike child-friendly interviews rather than multiple interviews that may be in an interrogation room or in the house where the abused victim was neglected to such criminal activity. By placing children in an advocacy center and using a multidisciplinary squad approach, it is easier for a team of professionals to work together to ensure that the maltreatment of the child is responded to in the best practicable way with the least sum up of progress trauma. These centers improve the bore of information and increase the number of successful prosecutions (U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1999).Unfortunately in the criminal justice system, law enforcement agencies must vie for federal funding and therefore resources like advocacy centers may not always be available in all cities and towns to coordinate such a team of professionals. Another idea that has been turn up to work better than others would be to find other agencies together and form a multidisciplinary team approach to the situation. The purpose of saving these teams and agencies together is to limit the amount of multiplication the child is interviewed, to coordinate intervention, and to lop the amount duplication of agency procedures (U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1999) Joint and unified responses help cases not fall through the cracks (Hess & Orthmann, 2010). Joint interviews and monitored interviews will help reduce inconsistencies that may occur and improve the quality of information that is given by the child (U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1999).VI. Discussion/RecommendationsInvestigating child neglect and malt reatment cases can be very demanding and is perceived by prosecutors as the most difficult to prosecute. Protecting the child from further harm, interviewing the child, and the need to involveother agencies are three challenges that occur when investigating child abuse and neglect (Hess et al, 2010). To help traverse these issues, there are some strategies in place to help children in need. To protect the child from further harm, under benefit regulations and codes, an officer may place a child in temporary clutches without a warrant if there is an necessity (Hess et al, 2010). To help overcome challenges (i.e., short aid spans, difficulty discussing the abuse, and the fact the child was most likely told not to tell anyone) when interviewing a child, officers should consider the childrens age, their ability to describe what happened, and the retaliation by the suspect once the child tells (Hess et al, 2010). One idea would be to consider inviting a social worker or therapist wh o has studied child psychology and who is formally trained and has puzzle talking with troubled and abused children.VII. codaCrimes which are committed against children have shocking consequences, not just for the victims but for society as a whole. Police investigations of crimes against children imply specific strategies and techniques for successful outcomes. With a coarse scope of crimes being committed against children, law enforcement officials are charged with ensuring the safety of the child, and getting all the information virtually the crime from the child. This may involve bringing in social workers, creating children advocacy centers or other mental health professionals in order to provide an environment where children can feel they are safe to talk about what has happened. While some solutions to this problem may be expensive, time-consuming, or difficult defend the child is the ultimate goal for law enforcement and proper training for those who are involved in child abuse cases is paramount to bringing justice for these young victims.VIII. ReferencesChalk, R., Gibbons, A., & Scarupa, H. (2002). The quadruplex Dimensions of Child Abuse and Neglect parvenu Insights into an Old Problem. Research Brief, Retrieved April 11, 2013, from http//www.childtrends.org/Files/ChildAbuseRB.pdfHagan, J., Gillis, A. & Simpson J. (1990). Clarifying and extending the power and control theory. American Journal of Sociology, 9, (4), 1, 1024-37Tanner, J. (2009). teenaged Troubles Youth and Deviance in Canada, tertiary edition. Oxford PublishingU.S. Dept. of Justice. (1999). Breaking the Cycle of fury Recommendations to Improve the Criminal Justice resolution to Child Victims and Witnesses. Office for Victims of Crime, 6, Electronic ascendant Only. Retrieved April 15, 2013 from http//www.ovc.gov/publications/factshts/monograph.htmHess, K. M., & Orthmann, C. H. (2010). Criminal Investigation (9th ed.). Clifton Park, NY Delmar.